पृष्ठ

बुधवार, 23 जुलाई 2025

Education and Mindfulness

Almost without exception, people vouch for education per se as the panacea for all challenges, personal or social. Yet, education as a mere formality, a reliance on form over substance, rarely helps. The critical component lies in its content and method of delivery. And herein lies one of humanity’s most persistent challenges: the inability to distinguish between education and indoctrination, or between cultural carry-forward and cultural curation.

This pedagogical and epistemological conundrum can be substantially dispelled when educators learn to scrutinise inherited givens and develop the knack for identifying and nurturing possibilities. At its core, education is about enabling minds so that individuals genuinely own their minds rather than unknowingly letting others control them.

Regrettably, courses on pedagogy and epistemology themselves often turn out to be abstruse, dispiriting, rigid, and nearly unworkable. Instead of enabling learning, they inhibit it. To be an educator, then, is to assume a sui generis role, one that demands responsibility, imagination, and presence. This calls for serious attention.

Niraj Kumar Jha

मंगलवार, 22 जुलाई 2025

Capitalism and the Question of Social and Ecological Ethics

A widespread misconception persists: that capitalism inherently erodes both social and ecological ethics. This view, however, warrants careful reconsideration. In fact, capitalism originated within a distinct ethical framework, deeply influenced by religious values, as Max Weber famously noted in his account of the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.

Moreover, anecdotal evidence and contemporary observation suggest that developed capitalist societies often exhibit comparatively high levels of civic virtue. In the marketplace itself, ethical conduct is indispensable: economic exchange depends on trust, mutual accountability, and adherence to established norms. The idea that capitalism thrives on deceit overlooks the fact that bad actors are exceptions, not representatives of the system. Crooks and tricksters exist in every domain of life.

Crucially, capitalism is not a singular culture but a mechanism—one that operates across varied cultural landscapes. As a mechanism, capitalism requires certain embedded ethical practices, such as honesty, enforceable contracts, and trust among participants, for it to function efficiently. Yet, it remains just that: a mechanism. Its outcomes depend heavily on the societal, cultural, and institutional settings in which it is deployed. If a culture upholds vegetarianism, markets will predominantly cater to vegetarian demands. If a society values environmental stewardship, capitalism responds by supplying sustainable technologies and green alternatives. Conversely, if a culture sanctions exploitation, capitalism will likely facilitate it as well.

In this light, capitalism does contain its own operational ethics, but it largely mirrors the ethical and cultural orientations of the society it serves. The real question, then, is not whether capitalism corrupts ethics, but how societies choose to enable, guide, or restrain the mechanism it represents.

A parallel critique often levelled alongside capitalism is that the blind pursuit of nominal GDP growth contributes to the overexploitation of natural resources and the degradation of social values. But this concern, too, rests on a misunderstanding. Nominal GDP is not an ideological force—it is a neutral, comprehensive, and secular metric of economic activity. Far from being an engine of ethical erosion, it captures the breadth of legitimate human enterprise. Everything from producing solar panels to conducting yoga classes, from organic farming to education services, contributes to GDP. A teacher running a private tuition centre or a therapist charging for mental health counselling ethically adds to GDP, just as much as a factory producing goods.

Critics sometimes argue that a race for higher GDP leads nations to prioritise quantity over quality or to disregard environmental sustainability. Yet, once again, this overlooks the role of cultural values and public policy. A society with robust environmental norms and social safeguards will channel its GDP growth through green industries, ethical labour practices, and inclusive institutions. Nordic countries, for example, continue to post strong GDP growth while maintaining high standards of environmental care and social welfare. The metric itself is not the problem; rather, it is the societal framework that interprets and guides economic growth that truly matters.

GDP, in essence, reflects what society chooses to value and produce. If those values are ethical and sustainable, then growth amplifies them. If they are extractive or unjust, growth may well deepen the harm, but that is a failure of governance and culture, not of the metric or the capitalist mechanism.

In sum, both capitalism and GDP growth are often mischaracterised as inherently corrosive. In reality, they are tools, embedded within and shaped by the prevailing cultural, moral, and institutional structures. Rather than condemning these tools outright, the challenge is to infuse them with the ethical vision and civic responsibility we expect from any healthy society.

Niraj Kumar Jha

A Cosmopolis

A great nation must be home to several cosmopolises. A true cosmopolis is not merely a dense sprawl of population concentrated around government headquarters, transport junctions, and supply depots. It is a global cultural hub and economic powerhouse—a city-state in spirit, if not in form, ideally governed with a degree of autonomy.

Such cities must represent the highest expression of human civility and capability. They are places where travellers or immigrants feel at home, secure, and empowered to give their best. A genuine cosmopolis attracts the finest minds and talents from across the world. Naturally, many high-net-worth households dwell in such places—but the wealth and opulence that characterise them must stem from enterprise, intellect, and honest labour, not from cunning or extraction.
 
Such a city does not come into being by chance; it is shaped by individuals of exceptional vision and unwavering dedication. A cosmopolis is not simply constructed—it is willed into existence by human excellence.

Niraj Kumar Jha

रविवार, 13 जुलाई 2025

For a Human Order

A rule-based international order is becoming increasingly remote in the collective human imagination. Today, it is disruption, subterfuge, manipulation, subversion, and the naked use of force that rule the roost. These are not subtle or hidden; they are deliberate, open, and stark. This human regression at our current stage of civilizational evolution, despite miraculous feats of scientific and technological ingenuity, is deeply troubling. It represents a profound failure of human imagination in the most critical area of all: human coexistence. Meanwhile, vested and entrenched interests have succeeded spectacularly in preserving their advantages.

The well-being of the human race depends on an international order rooted in cooperation and fair play. Yet such hope seems elusive in the foreseeable future. Why has humanity arrived at this impasse?
First is the most obvious reason: the lack of genuine intent among those in power to build a fair and inclusive order. Had the intent existed, India, the world’s largest democracy and most populous nation, would already hold a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council. Instead, the lag in democratisation of global institutions has only grown more severe.

Secondly, even well-intentioned regulatory efforts like the World Trade Organisation faltered under the weight of over-ambition and the refusal of powerful states to compromise.

Thirdly, there was a failure to launch a fair, sympathetic, and empathetic epistemic mission, one aimed at addressing the culture-based cognitive biases that afflict people in every part of the world. Any stable order depends on cultivating a shared epistemic consciousness, which is essential even beyond the question of global governance.

India’s aspirational generation is now poised to reclaim its rightful place. It needs, as do the citizens of every country, a world founded on cooperation and harmony. India today is a much more powerful country, and it has both the opportunity and the responsibility to help guide the world toward this better future.

For this to happen, every citizen must do their utmost to strengthen India’s power and influence. The best way to do this is by performing one’s dharma; that is, one’s chosen work and social duty, with devotion and integrity. Only through such collective effort can India realise its potential and help build the just, cooperative global order the world so desperately needs.

Niraj Kumar Jha

शनिवार, 12 जुलाई 2025

Inequality or Deprivation

Recently, many noted intellectuals have raised concerns about rising inequality globally and within individual nation-states. However, this concern is grossly misplaced. The real issue is not inequality as such, but deprivation.

The collective responsibility is to ensure that everyone has the opportunity and motivation to earn a livelihood, and no one is left without food, clothing, shelter, medical care, security, and some means of enjoying life. Beyond this, it should not matter who owns how much.

Inequality is a natural condition—it will reappear in other forms even if suppressed in one. In fact, inequality can be functional. It often means that capital is concentrated in more capable hands. Greater capital in such hands typically leads to more investment, more businesses, and more opportunities for others to earn a dignified living.

It is human worth in general that translates into capitalism, and that in turn guarantees that each individual has the chance to realise their own worth. By valuing initiative, skill, and enterprise, capitalism channels human potential into productive activity, creating wealth and opportunities that benefit society as a whole.

Even in a seemingly full-blooded capitalist order, if some people remain deprived, it means the market is manipulated. This should be addressed with a two-pronged strategy. First, the manipulation is to be eliminated. Additionally, community life should be strengthened through community enterprises, encouraging people to form cooperatives to do business together, support one another, and offer services to others.

Niraj Kumar Jha

गुरुवार, 10 जुलाई 2025

The Futile Quest for Light

Troubled by the vices that haunt the world,
they curse what is good.
Weakened by their own vices and timidity,
they do not have faith in virtue;
instead they trust faint or imagined
goodness in the wicked.
They try to highlight flaws in the righteous,
virtues among the wicked.
Without dispelling the darkness within,
they search for light in vain,
dimming the hope
that might have lit their own lives
and those of others.

Niraj Kumar Jha

बुधवार, 9 जुलाई 2025

Morality and the Necessity of Systems

Morality sustains society, but for morality to prevail, appropriate systems must be in place. Functional system-building is the result of rigorous cerebral exercise informed by proven scientific inputs. Opinions alone cannot substitute for this systemic thinking, nor can grand ideological constructs, even when supported by data-driven justifications, nor borrowed systemic frameworks. Three issues need serious consideration here. First, excessive variation in opinions within a community signals the absence of a scientific approach to life. Second, no matter how fantastic an ideological construct may be, it can draw facts and data from the storehouse of social records to justify its fanciful promise. Third, a systemic framework (not a particular institution or mechanism) evolving somewhere else may not work, as cultures are rigidly conditioned and cannot be subjected to an alien system at will. The critical point is that a community needs systemic thinkers and a serious, public-spirited education system to make their work acceptable. For resolving social problems, invoking morality alone is almost fruitless. Morality requires its own supporting framework to gain traction.

Niraj Kumar Jha

रविवार, 6 जुलाई 2025

युगारम्भक ज्ञानमीमांसा

समकालीन वैश्विक व्ययस्था की आवश्यकता एक विश्वव्यापी ज्ञानमीमांसात्मक विमर्श की है। यह समय मानवता के सम्पूर्ण इतिहास के पर्यवेक्षण का है। सत्य और मानवीयता के नाम पर मानवता को आक्रांत किए जाने की परिघटनाओं को उद्घाटित किए जाने का समय आ गया है। यही मीमांसा सत्य मानवीय बोध का आधार बनेगी।

उक्त लेख की समकालीन प्रासंगिकता यह है कि नवीन प्रौद्योगिकियों ने मानवता के मध्य भौगोलिक और भाषाई अंतर को पाट दिया है, और साथ ही, विभिन्न सांस्कृतिक वर्षों में स्थित जनों को अन्य संस्कृतियों को देखने और समझने का अवसर दिया है। आज का समांतर आंकिक क्षेत्र ज्ञानमीमांसा को सांस्कृतिक और सभ्यतागगत सीमाओं से मुक्ति का अवसर देता है। यह सभ्यता के विकास का युगांतकारी दौर है।

बड़ी चुनौती हालाँकि कल्पबंधों की गुत्थियों को खोलना होगा। कालांतर में इच्छानुकूल वैचारीकियों का प्रभाव आनुवंशिक हो गया है और ये मस्तिष्क की बोध उत्तकों की आधार संचालक चेतना बन चुकीं हैं। ये कल्पबंध 
वातमूल्य उत्पन्न करते हैं और जीवन की प्रत्यक्ष परिस्थितियों का सामना कर रहे लोगों की गरिमा को नकारते हुए उनकी विपत्तियों को वर्द्धित करते हैं।

इस युगीन विमर्श का अधिकारी भारतवर्ष ही है। इसकी चेतना में अन्यीकरण की प्रवृत्ति की सैद्धांतिक और व्यावहारिक अनुपस्थिति ऐतिहासिक रूप से रही है और यह इसे इस योग्य बनाती है और दायित्व भी देती है।

टीप : कल्पबंधआंकिक, और वातमूल्य संभवतः इस पाठ में सर्वप्रथम प्रयुक्त शब्द हैं और इसी में इनके अर्थ समाहित हैं।

नीरज कुमार झा

Three Monkeys Revisited

Just as not every food is good for physical health, not every expression or depiction is good for people's cognitive health. Everyone should work to suppress harmful narratives and promote beneficial ones. Media professionals, whether involved in information or entertainment, need to be especially cautious. These services should promote the humanisation of every individual.

Admittedly, such presentations may not seem sensational, glorious, or glamorous—qualities often sought for broader market appeal. But each person should at least reflect on what truly works for them and what does not, as members of a larger community.

One must have this etched in their mind: the community affects your personal well-being heavily, irrespective of your personal status.

Niraj Kumar Jha

बुधवार, 2 जुलाई 2025

विचार और वार्तालाप

व्यक्तियों द्वारा अच्छे विचारों का प्रेषण समाजहित के लिए आवश्यक है। सुधीजन इसे समझते हैं और ऐसा करते भी हैं, लेकिन विचारों से भी अधिक महत्वपूर्ण है उन्हें लेकर किया जाने वाला रचनात्मक वार्तालाप। वार्तालाप ही विचारों के सम्प्रेषण का प्रभावी माध्यम है, पर यह दुष्कर भी है। अधिकतर लोग निश्चित विचारों का उपयोग अपने जीवन की परिस्थितियों से समझौते, अवसरों को भुनाने, महत्वाकांक्षाओं के पोषण या अहं की पुष्टि के लिए करते हैं। ऐसे विचारों पर विश्लेषण या टीका-टिप्पणी उन्हें स्वीकार नहीं होती।

नीरज कुमार झा

उक्ति और युक्ति

सद्जीवन को सुनिश्चित करने के लिए संरचनात्मक निर्माण और पारिस्थितिक अनुकूलन की आवश्यकता होती है। युक्तियों के बिना सूक्तियाँ चरितार्थ नहीं होतीं। भावनाएँ विज्ञान और तकनीकी के माध्यम से ही साकार हो सकती हैं।

नीरज कुमार झा